Vadyba / Journal of Management (ISSN 1648-7974)

Author Self-Archiving

Authors retain copyright of their work published in Vadyba/Journal of Management (V/JOM), with first publication rights granted to Lithuania Business College (LBC).

Authors are permitted and encouraged to post items submitted to this journal on personal or institutional websites, prior to and after publication (while providing the bibliographic details of that publication).

Publication fee

Payment detail:

Lithuania Business College

Reg. Nr. 291828430

Turgaus g. 21, LT-9249 Klaipėda

LT 65 7044 0600 0050 6626

AB SEB bank, bank code 7044

Author Guidelines

Requirements for the manuscripts and their formalization

General requirements

Articles submitted to the Editorial Board must be professionally edited, without spelling, punctuation and style errors. The articles must use scientific language.

Articles shall be written English.

Length of the manuscript – 7-10 A4 format pages.

The manuscriptshave to be prepared by Microsoft Word, font – Times New Roman.

Page setup: top and bottom, left and right margins – 2.0 cm.

The text is written in single line spacing, aligned Justify, using an automatic transfer words (hyphenate), 1st line of paragraph indented – 0,5 cm.

Sections of the manuscript:

• The title of the article. Article’s author, institution, which the author is representing. E-mail of the author of the article.
• Abstract with the main words in the language of the article. The Abstract should briefly cover the contents of the article; specify the aspect of how the problem will be analysed. The text of the Abstract must be clear and concise. The Abstract must contain about 3000 characters.
• Keywords – these are the words that express the most important features of the topic. Five or six keywords of the article must be included in the Lithuanian National M. Mazvydas library records of authoritative names and subjects. It is possible to check if the keyword is included in this list in the website of the library:  by specifying the “topic, subject (lit)”  (in Lithuanian) and “topic, subject (eng)” (in English) in the search field.
• JEL classification: xx, xx, xx
• Introduction, which formulates the purpose of the scientific study, discusses the question of the study, its novelty and degree of research, specifies the object of the study, objectives and methods.
• Analysis Literature review or Theoretical Background, Methodology or Research Methods, Results or Results and Discussion. The sub-sections of the article are unnumbered.
• Conclusions. Unnumbered.
• References. Unnumbered. References in the body of the article should be cited in parenthesis by indicating the surnames of the authors and year, e.g. (Cooper 2010), (Cleland J.; Kaufmann, G. 2016). If an internet source does not have an author, the link is placed only in the main text in parenthesis. Letters “p” and “pp” are not written next to the pages. The bibliography must contain at least 25 sources and more. Citing Web Sciences sources and/or Vadyba/Journal of Management  15 articles.
• Short CV of the authors, which consists of: name, surname of the authors. Degree. Work. Occupation. Research direction. Address. Telephone. Other information about the author. The author CV must include  about 3000 characters.
• ORCID ID

The title (CAPITAL letters, centered – 14 pt Bold)

• title of the article: in capital letters, left alignment, size – 14 pt., Bold.
• author’s name, surname: in lowercase letters, left alignment, size – 12 pt., Bold.
• institution name: in lowercase letters, left alignment, 10 pt., Italic.
• e-mail: lowercase letters, left alignment, 10 pt., Italic.
• the title should be short (a maximum of 10 words);
• it should  reflect the results of the research, i.e. the research objective rather than the research process;
• in the title, avoid using words such as “analysis”, “research”, “survey”, “problems”, etc.;

Abstract  [10 pt, Bold, Before 12 pt, After:0]

• The text of the article’s abstract is in the English language. The text has to contain about 3000 printed characters (with spaces between symbols). Separate paragraphs do not have to be indented from the left. [8 pt, Justify]

• KEY WORDS: 5-6 content words, which are separated from each other by commas, have to be indicated [8 pt, Justify, After: 12 pt]
• JEL classification: 2-5 content words, which are separated from each other by commas, have to be indicated [8 pt, Justify, After: 12 pt]

Introduction (11 pt Normal)

The introduction shall state:

• the word “Introduction” is written in lower case, aligned to the left, size – 11 pt., font Bold. Space of 6 pt is left below the heading.
• the problem that was investigated. It is essential to mention all the scientists who work in this field and their specific contribution to the analysed problem;
• why the problem is of interest;
• a hypothesis or a scientific problem;
• the purpose or, if necessary, objectives of the paper;
• the object and subject of the research;
• the research methods;
• the benefits of the research to studies, science and / or business.
• recommended volume of articles is 6-8 pages in A4 format. Articles may be written in the English language.

Purpose

• The purpose should be clearly defined and be in line with the title and the conclusions of the paper.
• The purpose must reflect the result of the research, rather than the research process.
• Quite often authors arrive at a faulty formulation of the purpose when they use such words as “investigate”, “analyse”, “assess” or even “examine”, “describe”, etc.  Such words would be more appropriate to describe the objectives.
• The purpose should be worded as follows: “To conduct investigation / analysis of … and to suggest  (to make, produce, frame, prove, etc.) …..”

Research object / subject

• The object indicates the field of the research, namely, a business, enterprise, infrastructure subject, etc.
• The subject indicates the qualities or features of the object that will be researched, e. g. management, motivation, finance, price of goods, etc.
•  E. g., the research object is the competitiveness of a company. The research subject includes competitiveness indicators (the sizes and specialisation of companies, payment, assessment, financial indicators, etc.).

Research methods

The Methods section should specify:

• the time period of the research;
• information about experts;
• calculation of the sample ;
• number of respondents;
• data assessment methods;
• other information related to methods used in the research;

• Research techniques can be described at the end of the Methods section.
• In the Methods section, it is inappropriate to list methods suitable for any research, e. g., “…used scientific literature analysis, graphical, monographic, logical extraction, comparison, induction, deduction, etc. methods…”.
• The research methods should not be called methodology as the latter means the theories and principles of the scientific cognition process, the scientific cognition philosophy and system. The Methods section can describe the methodological principles the research relied on.

Research results and discussion (11 pt Normal)

• The main objective of this section  is to present the findings of the scientific research and to  justify their novelty.
• This section shall include:

1. the results and their explanation/interpretation,
2. or severally: results (as briefly as possible) and explanation / interpretation of the results.

• Standard scheme of result presentation:
•  analysis of a theoretical problem and its generalisation;
•  the obtained research data and comment thereon;
•  prospects of the phenomenon or recommendations how to change the situation.

Heading of the chapter [11 pt, Bold, Before:  12 pt, After: 6 pt]

• Headings of chapters of the article are written in lower case, left-aligned, size – 11 pt, Bold. The space of 12 pt is left above the heading and 6 pt – below it.
• Body text of the article. Detailed methodology of performance of the work is provided including description of research part, methodology and devices for preparation and analysis, statistical data processing and theoretical reasoning of the work.
• Also, obtained research results have to be discussed and reasoned by theoretical knowledge. If research of different types was carried out, the chapter may have subchapters. The heading of the subchapter, with the same format as the title of the chapter, is written below the heading of the chapter.
• Quotation is obligatory to be used and literature references have to be provided in the text. Literature sources are not numbered. Reference to the literature source is written down in the parentheses without comma, e.g. (Virkauskas, 2016) in the text.
• It is necessary to provide references to images and tables. It can be made while indicating their marking in brackets, e.g. (Table 1) or (Fig. 2). Headlines of tables and images are not written in bold. [10 pt, First line: 0,5 cm]

Illustrations

Images, diagrams and layouts[11 pt, Bold, Before: 12 pt, After: 6 pt]

An image, a diagram or a layout is inserted into the text as a part of the text in the new empty paragraph, wherein it is centered leaving the space of 6 pt above the image and the space of 6 pt below it.

1) the text preceding a figure / table explains why the figure / table is necessary (i. e., what research fact it will illustrate); a reference to the figure/table must be provided in brackets;
2) if there are more than one figure / table, they shall be numbered;
3) explanatory captions to figures / tables: “Subsequent to the analysis of the data in the figure / table… “, or “data in the figure / table   reveal …”.

The headline, which is centered, size 10 pt, font Times New Roman, is written below the image.

• Images and diagrams have to be clear and legible. They shouldn’t be too large or too small. Layouts and drawings have to be grouped into one object. Small image has to fit in the column (cannot be wider than 8.2 cm) and large figure has to fit in one page (cannot be wider than 17 cm).
• Images have to be numbered in turn in Arabic numbers; abbreviation “Fig.” in bold is used. Full stop is not written at the end of the image’s headline (Fig. 1). [10 pt, First line: 0,5 cm]

Fig. 1. Limits of the Company’s activity [10 pt, Center, Before: 0, After: 12]

• Where a figure / table is by somebody else than the author of the article, the reference to the source, just like all the references in the text, shall be given next to its title (not UNDER the figure / table).
• Where the author used a source to produce a figure/table, before it is described in the text, the specific source shall be indicated and specific changes made by the author shall be detailed.
• Where a figure/table is made by the author(s) based on their research data, it is not relevant to specify “made by the author(s)”

Tables [11 pt, Bold, Before: 12 pt, After: 6 pt]

• Table is inserted into the text as a part of the text in the new plain paragraph wherein it is centered. Tables are numbered in turn in Arabic numbers using a word “Table” in bold. It is necessary to provide the headline. Table headlines are written in 10 pt size, Times New Roman font above the table and centered. Full stop is not used at the end of the table’s headline (Table1).
• The width of the table does not exceed 8.2 cm or 17 cm (may be less as well). Tables must have the headline of the table. The text must contain a reference to the table.
• The size of data provided in tables is 8-10 pt respectively to the provided information. The first line of paragraphs in tables are not indented [10 pt, First line: 0,5 cm]

Fonts [11 pt, Bold, Before: 12 pt, After: 6 pt]

• Types and sizes of fonts used in the article are provided in Table 1. In the last column of this table, created titles of styles of article parts, which are used in the template of this article, are provided. If you want to use styles, please, use only those provided in this document. If you do not have required knowledge related to work on styles, it is not obligatory to use these styles.  Style parameters may not be changed! [10 pt, First line: 0,5 cm]

Table 1. Table of sizes and styles of fonts used in the article
[10 pt, , Center,  Before: 12 pt, After: 6 pt]

Mathematical equations[11 pt, Bold, Before: 12 pt, After: 6 pt]

• Mathematical equations or other mathematical expressions are inserted into the text in the new separate paragraph with the spaces of 6 pt above and below the paragraph.
• Equations are written using equation editor Microsoft Equation 3.0. Equations are numbered in turn in Arabic numbers in brackets. Numbering is made at the right side of the equation using tabulation. Example.:

• Herein α_n  – agreed turn corner, d_n – direction rate which can be positive or negative. Depending on it, model of the robot moves forward or backwards, k – conditions the size of agreed step. N – the sum of all movement orders until the current moment. [10 pt, First line: 0,5 cm]

Conclusions [11 pt, Bold, Before: 12 pt, After: 6 pt]

Conclusions shall:

• be consistent with the purpose of the article;
• reflect the result of each research objective;
• be specific (preferably include numbers);
• include recommendations for science, business and / or studies…

The conclusions shall not:

• state the facts (“increased”, “decreased”, etc.);
• contain a set of general conclusions.: they should describe revealed regularities, facts, numbers, and new ideas;
• avoid unnecessary sentences of the general character  (e. g., “The conducted research and the processed results lead to a conclusion that...”);
• retell the gist of the article (like in the summary).
• Summarized conclusions of the article, which CANNOT be numbered, are provided. [10 pt, First line: 0,5 cm]

Format for citing references

Literature [10 pt, Bold, Before: 12 pt, After: 3 pt]

Literature is provided starting from the surname of the first author. The list of literature is not numbered and provided in ABC order. If website reference does not have any author, the reference is provided only in parentheses in the very text.

The journal uses the APA (American Psychological Association)  system of Referencing:

Brown, F., Harris, M.G., and Other, A.N. (1998). Name of paper. In Name (s) of editor(s) (ed.), Name of book in italics, page numbers. Publisher, Place of publication.

Smith, S.E. (2010). Name of book in italics, page or chapter numbers if relevant. Publisher, Place of publication.

Smith, S.E. and Jones, L.Q. (2011). Name of paper. Name of journal in italics, volume (number), page numbers.

Smith, S.E. and Jones, L.Q. (2015). Name of paper. Name of journal in italics, volume (number), page numbers. [revised 2015 04 29], http://xxxx. [9 pt, Hanging: 0,5 cm]

References [10 pt, Bold, Before: 12 pt, After: 3 pt]

The references in Literature cited shall be arranged in alphabetic order.

• In the list should be at least 25 sources.
• Sources in Cyrillic shall be transliterated. You can use the translit converter https://translit.cc
• All internet sources must be interactive.
• All literature sources cited in the article must be included in the Literature cited section.
• Sources that were not used in the text may not be included in the Literature cited.
• Recommendations:

Information about the author (in English only) (9pt Normal)

Example
Short CV of the author (-s) about 3000 printing characters) is written herein. Name Surname, academic degree, institution (-s), position. Field of scientific research. Scientific publications. Carried out scientific research. Address. Phone. E-mail. Other information about the author. [9 pt, First line: 0,5 cm., Before 12 pt.]

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission’s compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

• The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
• The submission file is in Microsoft Word (doc., docx.) document file format.
• Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
• The text is single-spaced; uses a 14-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
• The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines.
• If submitting to a peer-reviewed section of the journal, the instructions in Ensuring a Blind Review have been followed.

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